Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{1.2.3};\dfrac{1}{3^3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3.4};\dfrac{1}{4^3}< \dfrac{1}{3.4.5};...;\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}\)Vậy:\(\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}\)Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}\)

=\(\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}-\dfrac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)

=\(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2n.\left(n+1\right)}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

Vì:\(\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2n.\left(n+1\right)}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(A< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}).2\sqrt{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}\)

Hay \(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)

Ta có đpcm.

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\) (đpcm)

\(1-\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)-3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1.5}{2.4}.\dfrac{2.6}{3.5}.\dfrac{3.7}{4.6}...\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1.2.3...\left(n-1\right)}{2.3.4...n}.\dfrac{5.6.7...\left(n+3\right)}{4.5.6...\left(n+2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{n}.\dfrac{n+3}{4}=\dfrac{n+3}{4n}=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4n}>\dfrac{1}{4}\) (đpcm)

2/ \(\sqrt{4+\sqrt{4+...+\sqrt{4}}}< \sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+...+\sqrt{7+\sqrt{4}}}}}=3\)

1/ Ta có:

\(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{n^2+n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=1+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow C=99+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=100-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{9999}{100}\)

Bài 1 : Điều đầu tiên ta chứng minh được công thức :

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

Ta có :

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow C=1+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+........+1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(=100-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{9999}{100}\)

Câu 1: \(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+....+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}}\)

= \(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+2\right)^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+3\right)^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+99\right)^2}}\)

= \(|1+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}|+|1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}|+|1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}|+.....+|1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}|\)

= \(1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

= 2019-\(\dfrac{1}{100}\)

k² > k² - 1 = (k-1)(k+1)
⇒ 1/k² < 1/[(k-1).(k+1)] = [1/(k-1) - 1/(k+1)]/2 (*)

Áp dụng (*), ta có:
1/2² + 1/3² + 1/4² + ... + 1/n²
< 1/2² + 1/(2.4) + 1/(3.5) + ... + 1/[(n-1).(n+1)]
= 1/2² + [1/2 - 1/4 + 1/3 - 1/5 + ... + 1/(n-1) - 1/(n+1)]/2
= 1/2² + [1/2 + 1/3 - 1/n - 1/(n+1)]/2
= 2/3 - [1/n + 1/(n+1)]/2 < 2/3

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}\le1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm

Lời giải:

Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{P}{2}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}(1)\)

Mà:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1})}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)

\(=(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)

\(=\sqrt{n}-1(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{P}{2}< \sqrt{n}-1\Rightarrow P< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)

-----------------------

Tương tự:

\(\frac{P}{2}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P> 2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Mà \(2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> 2\sqrt{n}-3\Rightarrow P>2\sqrt{n}-3\)

Ta có đpcm.

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{4^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\)

.......

\(\dfrac{1}{n^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^3}\) + ...+ \(\dfrac{1}{n^3}\) < ​\(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)​

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A< \dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.4}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{2}{3}\)